Heart disease has historically been perceived as primarily affecting men, but its impact on women is equally significant, albeit often manifested differently. In India, the prevalence of heart disease in women ranges from 3% to 13% and has increased by almost 300% over the past two decades. In fact, recent studies show that the prevalence of heart failure in Indian women has more than doubled from 2000 to 2015. With these alarming statistics, it is essential to acknowledge these gender-specific distinctions, especially concerning conditions such as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). ASCVD refers to the narrowing and hardening of arteries due to the buildup of plaque, increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke.
Dr. PK Hazra, Director of Cath Lab, AMRI Manipal Hospital, Kolkata, said, “The importance of early cholesterol screening for women cannot be overstated, as their symptoms are often overlooked. Women should generally begin cholesterol screening by the age of 18. Around 90% of the patients I encounter have elevated LDL-C levels, which significantly contribute to ASCVD. Many women are unaware of their condition when they first visit. Lifestyle choices and hormonal changes can increase cholesterol levels, which, if left unchecked, can lead to cardiovascular diseases such as ASCVD. Early screening and regular lipid profile checks are crucial in modifying risk factors and initiating timely treatment. Personalized prevention plans based on individual LDL-C targets are essential. Staying informed and proactive is of utmost importance to maintain heart health.”
Impact of ASCVD in Women
Studies reveal that ASCVD affects women differently in terms of symptoms, risk factors, and outcomes. Women often develop ASCVD later in life, typically after menopause, and may experience symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, or discomfort in the jaw, neck, back, or abdomen. These symptoms are often overlooked or misinterpreted, delaying diagnosis and treatment.
While men and women share common ASCVD risk factors like high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, and smoking, women have additional risks such as pregnancy-related conditions (e.g., gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia) and hormonal influences (e.g., polycystic ovary syndrome, menopause). As women age, their risk of developing ASCVD increases due to the reduction in hormone levels like estrogen caused by menopause.
The Relationship Between ASCVD and Cholesterol
ASCVD is a long-term health problem where cholesterol builds up in arteries. Over time, the formation of cholesterol plaque in the arteries leads to their narrowing and hardening. As the plaque continues to grow, it can lead to several severe health issues like heart attacks and strokes.
Distinguishing Between Good and Bad Cholesterol
Cholesterol is vital for the body’s functioning, but an imbalance can be harmful. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, often labelled as “bad” cholesterol, contributes to ASCVD by promoting plaque buildup in the arteries. Conversely, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, known as “good” cholesterol, helps remove LDL cholesterol from the bloodstream, reducing the risk of arterial plaque formation.
The Importance of LDL Cholesterol Levels in Women’s Heart Health
LDL cholesterol plays a central role in the development of ASCVD, making it a critical focus for women’s heart health. Knowing one’s LDL cholesterol levels through regular lipid profile tests and cholesterol monitoring are essential for managing this risk.
Why Talking to Your Doctor is Important
Given the diverse risk factors and manifestations of ASCVD in women, a one-size-fits-all approach to treatment is insufficient. It is important to have open and honest conversations with your doctor about your heart health. Discuss your reproductive history, hormonal status, lifestyle, and any genetic predispositions. By working together to set personalized LDL cholesterol targets, you and your doctor can develop a prevention plan tailored to your unique health profile. Heart health requires a holistic approach, prioritizing cholesterol management through regular monitoring, personalized care plans, and effective doctor-patient communication. By understanding and managing LDL cholesterol levels, women can take proactive steps to safeguard their heart health and improve their overall well-being.
Managing LDL Cholesterol and Reducing ASCVD Risk: Experts Advice Early Cholesterol Screening by 18
